· High-speed spindles, aerospace engines, machine tool spindles - low density (≈3.2 g/cm³ vs. 7.8 for steel) reduces centrifugal force and heat, enabling higher speeds (dn > 2×10⁶).

· Vacuum, oil‑free, or corrosive environments - self‑lubricating, corrosion resistant, electrically insulating (prevents fluting damage).

· Hybrid ceramic bearings (ceramic balls + steel rings) - high hardness and low friction.